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- RAMTEST Page 1
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- WARNING
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- Executing this program WILL destroy the contents of memory, in-
- cluding RAM disks!
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- Now that you've been warned, I think you will find this program
- useful, not only in identifying an existing fault, but also as
- part of a periodic maintainence program. This program has been
- developed as an exhaustive test of an IBM PC's system RAM. It is
- much more comprehensive than the PC Power On Self Test (POST) and
- delivers diagnostic messages which are much easier to understand.
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- There are two different versions of the test. RAMTEST.COM is the
- test which should be used with the IBM PC and compatibles. Note
- that it requires a fair amount of hardware compatibility to work
- properly. RAMTESTA.COM is the version to be used on the IBM PCAT.
- The documentation for both versions is identical. For more infor-
- mation on the required hardware compatibility, see page 3 of this
- document.
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- To start the test, just type RAMTEST at the DOS prompt. There are
- no additional parameters.
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- This test is best run from a floppy disk which has been formatted
- using the /S option and contains no other RAM-based utilities.
- Some of the commonly available memory-resident utilities (for ex-
- ample, SIDEKICK from BORLAND) 'take command' of the system and
- will cause RAMTEST to crash.
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- RAMTEST functions in several distinct phases. After signing-on,
- RAMTEST starts searching for the top of contiguous memory. This
- search is performed by examining RAM and not by consulting the
- system configuration switches. Once the top of memory is found,
- the actual testing portion of the program is relocated and test-
- ing begins.
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- RAM is tested beginning with address 0:500 and continues up to
- but not including the top 32k of the contiguous RAM below screen
- memory. These limits were chosen for the following reasons. 1)
- BIOS uses RAM below 0:500 for scratch area and RAMTEST uses BIOS
- exclusively for screen I/O. 2) The testing program needs a place
- to live undisturbed.
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- RAM is tested in 32k blocks. The pattern for the test is taken
- from the BIOS ROMs. Randomness is added by use of iteration count
- to modify the data. During PASS 1, each RAM location is modified
- and then verified. This insures that each location can be ac-
- curately written to and read from. During PASS 2, each location
- is re-read and compared to it's reference byte in ROM and the
- parity bit is checked. This part of the test insures that the
- parity generating and checking circuitry is functioning cor-
- rectly, that the address decoding is working properly and that
- there are no locations in RAM shorted to other locations.
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- Copyright (c) 1985 J & C Computer Services
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- RAMTEST Page 2
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- Should no errors occur during the two passes, RAMTEST announces
- the successful completion of the test and prompts you to turn off
- the computer to stop the test. If not stopped, however, RAMTEST
- will start over, using a different set of patterns each time.
- Since some memory errors do not show up until after hours of
- operating time, if you're trying to track down a failure, it is
- suggested that you let RAMTEST run awhile, perhaps overnight.
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- Should an error occur, RAMTEST stops immediately, displays a mes-
- sage identifying the error, and halts. Note that the only way to
- exit this condition is to turn the computer off. A typical error
- message is:
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- Memory contents failure.
- Address = 5000:0000
- Data is: 1B Data should be: 1F
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- Turn power off, wait 5 seconds, and turn power back on.
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- The above example shows that the failure occured on an expansion
- board (System memory extends to 0:FFFF on 64k motherboards, and
- to 3000:FFFF on 256k motherboards. The presence of 4116 RAM chips
- indicates a 64k motherboard.). It also shows that bit 1 was 0
- when it should have been 1. In cases like this, the RAM chip in
- the bit 1 position is frequently at fault. The RAM chips are the
- most delicate components in the memory system, and the easiest to
- test for defects. This is because the RAM chips are socketed (ex-
- cept for the first 16k or 64k) and the rest of the chips such as
- address decoding and data buffers are rarely, if ever, socketed.
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- The last two pages of this document diagram the location of the
- RAM chips on the motherboard for both 64k systems and the 256k
- systems. Refer to the documentation that came with your add-in
- memory board for instructions on locating and replacing RAM chips
- that make up the memory above 1000:0 (64k motherboard) or 4000:0
- (256k motherboard).
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- The failure codes which are analyzed at the top of each page
- refer to the code which the PC prints when an error is encoun-
- tered during POST. If this occurs, the code will be printed, the
- speaker will beep, the screen will go blank, and the computer
- will have to be turned off. This will all happen in the span of
- about one second, so watch carefully to see the error code.
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- Copyright (c) 1985 J & C Computer Services
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- RAMTEST Page 3
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- RAMTEST is provided at no charge to the user. Feel free to share
- it with your friends, but please do not give away altered ver-
- sions or versions which have had the copyright notice removed.
- The essence of 'user-supported' software is to provide personal
- computer users with quality software without high prices, and yet
- to provide incentive for programmers to continue to develop new
- products. If you find this program useful, a contribution ($10
- suggested) would be greatly appreciated. Any suggestions or com-
- ments you may have are also welcome.
-
-
- Jim Weisz
- J & C Computer Services
- P.O. Box 1356
- Lombard, Il. 60148
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- HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
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- PC NMI Enable/Disable port = 0A0H
- RAM parity check control port = 61H (bits 4 & 5 00xx0000)
- Parity status port = 62H (bits 7 & 8 xx000000)
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- PCAT NMI Enable/Disable port = 70H
- RAM parity check control port = 61H (bits 2 & 3 0000xx00)
- Parity status port = 61H (bits 7 & 8 xx000000)
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- Copyright (c) 1985 J & C Computer Services
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- RAMTEST Page 4
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- MEMORY FAILURE CODE ANALYSIS: 64k motherboard
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- SAMPLE FAILURE CODE: 4402 201
- |||| |||
- |||| +++---- SYSTEM CODE - INDICATES MEMORY FAILURE
- ||++-------- FAILED BIT - 00 INDICATES PARITY
- |+---------- FAILED 16K BLOCK - 0, 4, 8, OR C
- +----------- FAILED 64K SEGMENT
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- SYSTEM BOARD (Lower left corner when viewed from the front)
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- SEGMENT = 0000
- BIT FIRST 2 DIGITS OF
- ADDR P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ERROR CODE
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- 0000 - 3FFF * * * * * * * * * 00 (This row is
- soldered in.)
- 4000 - 7FFF * * * * * * * * * 00
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- 8000 - BFFF * * * * * * * * * 00
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- C000 - FFFF * * * * * * * * * 00
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- SECOND 2
- DIGITS OF 00 01 02 04 08 10 20 40 80
- ERROR CODE
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- Copyright (c) 1985 J & C Computer Services
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- RAMTEST Page 5
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- MEMORY FAILURE CODE ANALYSIS: 256k motherboard
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- SAMPLE FAILURE CODE: 4402 201
- |||| |||
- |||| +++---- SYSTEM CODE - INDICATES MEMORY FAILURE
- ||++-------- FAILED BIT - 00 INDICATES PARITY
- |+---------- FAILED 16K BLOCK - 0, 4, 8, OR C
- +----------- FAILED 64K SEGMENT
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- SYSTEM BOARD (Lower left corner when viewed from the front)
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- BIT FIRST 2 DIGITS OF
- SEGMENT P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ERROR CODE
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- 0000 * * * * * * * * * 0x (This row is
- soldered in.)
- 1000 * * * * * * * * * 1x
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- 2000 * * * * * * * * * 2x
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- 3000 * * * * * * * * * 3x
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- SECOND 2
- DIGITS OF 00 01 02 04 08 10 20 40 80
- ERROR CODE
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- Copyright (c) 1985 J & C Computer Services
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